Which method primarily uses the student's first language for instruction?

The Grammar-Translation Approach primarily utilizes the student's first language for instruction. This method emphasizes reading and writing in the target language, often through the translation of texts, rules, and vocabulary lists. By drawing on the student's native language, the Grammar-Translation Approach allows learners to make connections between the two languages, facilitating understanding of grammatical structures and enhancing their ability to comprehend complex literary texts.

The approach often involves explicit instruction of grammatical rules in the first language and translating sentences or texts from the target language back into the native language. This ensures that students have a solid foundation in their first language to support their understanding of the target language. The focus on textual analysis and translation can help learners improve their vocabulary and grammar in a structured way, making this approach particularly beneficial for students who excel in academic language tasks.

In contrast, other methods listed do not use the first language in the same way. The Direct Approach emphasizes immersion in the target language without the use of the native language. The Audio-lingual Method focuses on listening and speaking practice, often through the repetition of dialogues and drills rather than translation. The Total Physical Response Approach encourages learners to respond physically to commands in the target language, facilitating comprehension and language use through actions rather than relying on their native language.