Which method can improve metacognitive processes among students?

Encouraging self-reflection on learning is an effective method for improving metacognitive processes among students because it actively engages them in thinking about their own thinking. Self-reflection allows students to assess their understanding, evaluate their learning strategies, and consider how they can adjust their approaches for better outcomes. This practice fosters a deeper awareness of their cognitive processes, which is essential for developing metacognitive skills.

When students reflect on what they have learned, how they have learned it, and why certain strategies were effective or ineffective, they become more adept at monitoring their comprehension and regulating their learning. This leads to greater agency over their educational journey and reinforces the ability to make informed decisions in future learning experiences.

The other options do not promote metacognitive awareness in the same way. Providing background information alone may give context but does not implicitly encourage students to think about their own learning processes. Limiting discussions about the text restricts opportunities for students to articulate their thoughts and reflect on their understanding. Focusing solely on end results overlooks the importance of the learning process and fails to cultivate an environment where students can think critically about their own learning experiences.