What is denotation in linguistics?

Denotation in linguistics refers to the literal meaning or the specific factual reference of a word. It signifies the exact or primary meaning that is associated directly with the term, without any additional nuances, implications, or emotional connotations. For example, the denotation of the word "dog" is the domesticated mammal scientifically known as Canis lupus familiaris, representing the actual animal itself, rather than any of the associations or feelings one might have regarding dogs.

Understanding denotation is essential because it establishes a clear and objective interpretation of language, providing a foundation from which deeper meanings and contexts can be explored, such as connotation, where emotions and associations come into play. This distinction helps clarify communication, ensuring that speakers and listeners share a common understanding of what is being discussed.