What else does the relationship between primary language academic success contribute to?

The answer is anchored in the understanding that proficiency in a student's primary language can significantly impact their academic success, which in turn influences their overall adjustment to both minority and majority cultures. When students feel competent in their primary language, they are more likely to achieve better academically. This academic success can foster a sense of pride and confidence in their cultural identity, enabling them to navigate and blend into both their minority and majority cultural environments effectively.

Positive adjustment typically refers to the ability to balance different cultural perspectives while maintaining a sense of belonging and self-worth. Students who are academically successful often have more resources and support to engage with diverse cultural groups, thereby enhancing their adaptability and social integration. In contrast, negative outcomes, such as challenges in cultural assimilation or lower self-esteem, can arise when students struggle linguistically and academically, leading to potential alienation from both cultures. Understanding this relationship emphasizes the importance of supporting students in developing their primary language alongside academic skills to promote a well-rounded cultural identity.