What does the acronym BICS stand for in language development?

The acronym BICS stands for Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills, which refers to the language proficiency needed for everyday, casual conversations. This concept, introduced by Jim Cummins, highlights the type of language skills that are often used in social contexts. BICS typically involves communication that is context-embedded, meaning that it occurs in situations where visual cues and shared experiences facilitate understanding.

This distinct focus on everyday communication contrasts with cognitively demanding language skills, known as CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency), which are necessary for engaging with complex academic content. Understanding BICS is essential for educators, particularly when working with English language learners, as it helps identify the difference between conversational fluency and the language required for academic success.