What distinction did Basil Bernstein make in his studies of language?

Basil Bernstein made a significant distinction between what he termed "restricted code" and "elaborated code" in his studies of language, particularly in relation to social class and communication. Restricted code refers to a style of speech that is context-bound, often characterized by simple syntax and limited vocabulary. It is typically used in informal settings among individuals who share a common background or understanding. In contrast, elaborated code involves a more complex use of language, incorporating detailed explanations and a wider range of vocabulary, allowing for greater clarity and the ability to articulate abstract ideas. This distinction highlights how language varies not only by context but also by the social structures within which it operates, demonstrating the influence of socioeconomic factors on communication styles. Bernstein's work emphasizes the importance of these codes in educational settings, as the mismatch between a child's home language code and the school's expectations can impact academic success.