What can significantly hinder a student's ability to learn a new language?

Significant anxiety and low self-esteem can substantially impede a student's ability to acquire a new language. When students experience high levels of anxiety, they may struggle to engage in activities that require communication, such as speaking or participating in discussions. Anxiety can cause fear of making mistakes, which often leads to avoidance of speaking or practicing, essential components in language learning.

Low self-esteem compounds this issue by diminishing a student's confidence in their language skills. Students who doubt their abilities may not take risks that are crucial for language acquisition, such as trying out new vocabulary or engaging with peers. They might also be less likely to seek help or feedback, which can further stifle their progress.

In contrast, factors like high motivation, consistent practice, and a supportive learning environment typically foster language development. Motivation drives learners to invest time and effort into mastering the language, while practice reinforces their skills, and a supportive environment encourages risk-taking and provides the necessary resources for growth. Thus, anxiety and low self-esteem serve as significant barriers to effective language learning.