What are the characteristics of an ESL program?

The choice highlighting that content is taught in the primary language with separate instruction for English accurately reflects a characteristic of some ESL programs known as bilingual or dual-language models. These models recognize the value of students' native language as a foundational element in their education. By teaching content in the primary language, students can better grasp complex concepts and subjects that might be more difficult to understand if only presented in English. This approach also supports the development of literacy skills in both languages, thereby strengthening overall academic performance.

In addition, separate instruction for English allows students to build their language skills systematically, ensuring they have adequate support as they progress. This dual-focused approach can be particularly beneficial for English language learners, who need to develop both content knowledge and language proficiency simultaneously.

On the other hand, fully teaching content solely in English could leave students struggling if they do not yet have the necessary language skills. Focusing exclusively on conversational skills would neglect the need for academic language development, which is crucial in a school setting. Finally, not assessing language proficiency would mean there is no way to measure progress or tailor instruction to meet students’ individual needs.