How are consonants formed in speech?

Consonants are primarily formed through mouth movement that blocks the airflow. This occurs when the articulators—such as the tongue, lips, and teeth—interact with the airstream produced by the lungs to create different sounds. When the airflow is partially or completely obstructed, it results in the various consonant sounds we hear in speech.

For instance, stops are produced when the airflow is completely blocked (like the sounds 'p' and 't'), while fricatives occur when there is a narrow constriction that allows air to flow through turbulently (like 's' and 'f'). This process is essential for distinguishing between different consonant sounds, making mouth movement and airflow obstruction crucial components in consonant formation.